GRAVIOLA (Annona muricata) AND COMORBIDITIES
Extracts from Annona muricata (also known as graviola) are among a myriad of botanical products which have shown promising medicinal value
Extracts from Annona muricata (also known as graviola) are among a myriad of botanical products which have shown promising medicinal value
Coria-Téllez et al. have reported 212 bioactive compounds in A. muricata extracts
Graviola extracts and their constituents, individually or in combination, have shown therapeutic properties for other ailments that afflict humankind.
Different parts of A. muricata can be used to treat conditions such as :
- diabetes
- coughs
- skin diseases
- cancers
- precancerous conditions
- arthritis
- hypertension
- snake bite
- diarrhea
- headache
- malaria
- antimicrobial
- anti-inflammatory
- antiprotozoan
- antioxidant
- insecticide
- larvicide
- cystitis
- hypertension
- liver diseases
- antidysenteric
- antispasmodic agents
- chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic
- Antinociceptive,
- Antiarthritic
- Immunomodulatory
- Wound Healing Activities
Possible side effects and risks:
- Graviola may cause nerve damage and movement problems, especially with long-term use. It may also cause serious neuropathy that leads to Parkinson-like symptoms, such as tremors or stiff muscles. If someone has Parkinson’s disease, graviola may make their symptoms worse.
- Graviola may be toxic to the kidneys or liver with repeated use. People should not use graviola if they have liver or kidney problems.
To consult doctor if patient is pregnant or breast feeding.
Components and MOA:
- Acetogenins and alkaloids are widely studied in a controversial form, due to their therapeutic potential versus neurotoxic activity
- alkaloids isolated from Annona species possess an affinity for the 5-HT1A receptors in vitro and participate in dopamine biosynthesis, Thus, it has been proposed that alkaloids derived from the Annona could induce antidepressant-like effects and cytotoxic activity
- Neurotoxic effects have also been reported for some alkaloids, and suggested that neuronal death occurred by apoptosis
- Phenolic compounds are considered as the major phytochemicals responsible for the antioxidant activity
- The presence of the amide N-p-coumaroyl tyramine and cyclopeptides have been reported in the seeds and showed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.
- The increasingly popular use of A. muricata as an anticancer treatment reported ethnobotanically may be related to reports of its selective cytotoxic activity
- Isolated acetogenins have demonstrated selective cytotoxic effects
- Natural antioxidants from plant species have gained interest due to their protective effect against oxygen-derived from free radicals involved in the development of many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular affections, arthritis, as well as degenerative illness such as Parkinson and Alzheimer. The pulp antioxidant activity measured by ABTS, FRAP and ORAC suggested that the antioxidant compounds from A. muricata are mainly lipophilic, and the mechanism of action is by hydrogen donation
- A. muricata extracts and some of their isolated compounds have shown effective activity against protozoans responsible for some human diseases, as is the case of the genera Plasmodium , Leishmania, Biomphalaria, Trypanosoma, and Entamoeba, responsible for malaria, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, chagas, and amebiasis diseases, respectively.
- Green silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous crude extract of A. muricata showed larvae toxicity of Ae. Aegypti
- A study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory potential of A. muricata extract (AME) on LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was reported
- In addition to its high contents of bioactive components and ROS-scavenging capacity, the immune-boosting ability of A. muricata can be applied for the development of health-promoting functional foods.
- Comparable with the standard antibiotic streptomycin, A. muricata extracts showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
- With respect to antiviral bioactivity, it is known that plant extracts interfere with HIV-I replication at an early step of the virus.
- Ethanolic extracts from stem and bark of A. muricata showed antiviral activity in vitro against the herpes simplex virus
- Another study by Yang et al. (2015) demonstrated that crude leaf extract showed more in vivo inhibition of prostate cancer proliferation and more effect on tumor growth-inhibition than flavonoid-enriched extract
- Flavonoids inhibit α-glucosidase through hydroxylation bonding and substitution at β ring. This inhibition decreases carbohydrate hydrolysis and glucose absorption, and inhibits carbohydrates metabolism into glucose
- An increase in the antioxidant enzymatic activity and insulin content in pancreatic serum was reported. A. muricata leaf extracts showed hypoglycemic activity
- The hypotensive effect has been attributed to alkaloids such as coreximine, anomurine, and reticulin, and some essential oil components such as β-caryophyllene
- It has been proposed that the mechanism of antinociception may be by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX) and other inflammatory mediators by flavonoids present in the plant extract
- One of the studies showed that in mice treated with A. muricata crude extracts (AMCE) there was increased levels of white blood cell, T-cell, and natural killer cell population(IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY)
- Antiulcer potential of A. muricata is probably through its antioxidant compounds that increase the mucosal nonprotein sulfhydryl group content
- Bark and leaf extracts of A. muricata showed elevation in wound contraction by elevated deposition of collagen fibers in the wound.
- The extracts of A. muricata have shown better and promising activity like in cancer and other non-communicable diseases, be used to help save the human race.